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30 technologies shown
- RLHF technique Aligning a model with human preference using reinforcement learning on ranked outputs.
- ReAct technique Interleaving reasoning steps with tool calls in one loop.
- Residual Connection concept Adding a layer's input to its output so gradients can pass through unchanged.
- SWE-bench benchmark Real GitHub issues that a model must resolve by editing a repository.
- Sentence Transformers framework Library for embedding sentences and passages into vectors.
- Supervised Fine-Tuning technique Fine-tuning a pretrained model on demonstrations of the target behaviour.
- Temperature technique Scaling the logits to make sampling more or less random.
- The Pile dataset 800GB of text assembled from 22 diverse sources.
- AI Search application Retrieval that ranks by meaning rather than by keyword match.
- Chunking technique Splitting documents into passages small enough to retrieve and embed.
- Cross-Encoder concept Model that scores a query and a passage together in one forward pass.
- FineWeb dataset Filtered and deduplicated web corpus with a published processing pipeline.
- Function Calling technique Letting a model request a tool by name with structured arguments.
- Grounding technique Tying a model's output to supplied sources rather than its memory.
- In-Context Learning concept A model performing a task from examples in the prompt, with no weight update.
- Scaling Laws concept Empirical relationship between model size, data, compute and loss.
- Zero-Shot concept Performing a task with no examples and no training for it.
- BEIR benchmark Heterogeneous retrieval benchmark for zero-shot evaluation.
- BF16 concept Sixteen-bit float that keeps FP32's exponent range for training stability.
- BPE technique Tokenisation that builds a vocabulary by merging frequent character pairs.
- Constrained Decoding technique Restricting which tokens a model may emit at each step.
- Contrastive Learning technique Training by pulling matching pairs together and pushing others apart.
- Gemma model Google's open-weight model family, released in small sizes.
- Gradio library Builds a web interface for a model in a few lines of Python.
- Hallucination concept Fluent output that is not supported by the model's input or by fact.
- HumanEval benchmark Python programming problems scored by running the generated code.
- Image Generation application Producing images from a text description.
- LLM-as-a-Judge technique Using a capable model to score another model's output.
- LLaVA model Vision-language model built by connecting a vision encoder to a language model.
- Learning Rate concept How far each gradient step moves the weights.